The first simla conference had broken down on 14 july 1945 on the controversial issue of the all india muslim league aimls. The simla conference, background and proceedings, 1 september 194428 july 1945. The main focus of fibis activities is the subcontinent of india but we are also interested in all areas and activities of the british in south asia including the following between the founding of the east india company in 1599 to indian independence in 1947. Simla deputation the acceptance of the deputations demands. The simla conference started on june 25, 1945 at the viceregal lodge, lord wavell explained the purpose and scope of the proposals embodied in his plain, after the viceroys opening remarks come up the turn of maulana abul kalam azad to express his partys point of view. Delegates from all the major parties, the representatives of the sikhs and the scheduled castes and the premiers of british provinces present. Convened to agree on and approve the wavell plan for indian selfgovernment, and there it reached a potential agreement for the selfrule of india that provided separate representation for muslims and reduced majority powers for both communities in their. The first simla conference held in 1945 1 failed primarily because the british government and the congress refused to recognize the muslim league as the sole representative body of indian. It was attended by 22 leaders representing a broad spectrum of indian political opinion including the congress and the league. Cabinet division national documentation wing newsletter.
Sir henry mcmahon, the foreign secretary of british india at the time, drew up the 550 mile 890 km mcmahon line as the border between british india and tibet during the simla conference. Further, the muslim league emerged as the single authoritative representative body of the muslims. Simla conference came to be failure and in july 14, 1945. Lord wavell invited 21 political leaders including mahatma gandhi and m a jinnah to shimla, the summer capital of british india to discuss the wavell plan. Based on muslim assurances of their willingness to. Quit indi a movement started in1942 simla conference june. Oct 30, 2011 to discuss the provisions of the wavell plan a conference of 21 indian political leaders was invited to the summer capital of british government shimla. Abid the conference of indian leaders called by wavell on 25 june 1945 was a charade from the beginning to the end. The failure of the simla conference may remind you of sums almost equally hated at school. Sinha among the important events of 1914 is the simla convention dated the 3rd july 1914.
On 15 august 1947 india stepped on to a new road of freedom and endeavour, no longer a dependency of the british crown but a dominion and a member of the british commonwealth of nations. Unified end of year examinations may 2018 pakistan studies paper 1 class 9. The simla conference, held in 1945, enjoys immense political importance. Separate electorates were given statutory recognition in the indian councils act of 1909. Simla convention article about simla convention by the free. The conference was a failure because the league and the congress could not settle their differences. The first simla conference held in 1945 1 failed primarily because the british government and the congress refused to recognize the muslim league as the sole representative body of indian muslims. A british draft of the convention was discussed at an anglochinesetibetan conference in simla in 19 and 1914. Jawaharlal nehru during the simla conference, july 1945. Convened to agree on and approve the wavell plan for indian selfgovernment, and there it reached a potential agreement for the selfrule of india that provided separate representation for muslims and reduced majority powers for both communities in their majority regions. Quit indi a movement started in1942 simla conference june 1945 was presented by from css 5465 at virtual university of pakistan. Simla convention an agreement concluded between mcmahon, representing great britain, and lonchen shatra, representing local tibetan authorities, on july 3, 1914, in the city of simla, india. Simla agreement july 2, 1972 ministry of external affairs.
Punjabs pivotal role sharif al mujahid the 1945 46 elections were by far the most critical ones at all levels in all the annals of subcontinental history. As was anticipated, the results clearly showed a decisive victory for pakistan. Full details about wavell plan and simla conference in hindi. History and geography mcqs for class eight 1 compiled and written by sir meerzada kakar, m.
The simla agreement signed by prime minister indira gandhi and president zulfikar ali bhutto of pakistan on 2nd july 1972 was much more than a peace treaty seeking to reverse the consequences of the 1971 war i. Colonel younghusband1 had the customary cup when he visited the. At indias summer capital, statesman ship and wisdom were on trial. Indian council act 1892 indian majority owing to joint electorate partition of bengal, 1905. In making a balanced judgment on amery at the india office it is unwise to look only at his efforts to broker a constitutional settlement that ultimately foundered with the failure of the simla conference in the summer of 1945. Lord wavell declared that british government wanted to see india as an independent and prosperous country. The simla convention, or the convention between great britain, china, and tibet, in simla, was an ambiguous treaty concerning the status of tibet negotiated by representatives of the republic of china, tibet and the united kingdom in simla in 19 and 1914. The plan suggested reconstitution of the viceroys executive council in which the viceroy was to select persons nominated by the political parties. Omens from simla 20 jul 1945 the spectator archive. It established quaidiazam muhammad ali jinnah as the sole and undisputed leader of the indian muslims. Mcqsplanet provides a variety of general knowledge mcqs, current affairs mcqs, islamiyat mcqs, pak study mcqs, pakistan current affairs mcqs. Syed and sami khan class eight, cambridge seconadary school quetta.
At the first stage, interviews between the viceroy and political leaders took place which helped wavell understand the point of. In his address to the newly elected central legislature on 28 january 1946, the viceroy revealed the governments will to establish a new executive council composed of political leaders, and to bring about a constitutionmaking body or convention as soon as possible. There is ample evidence of better outcomes in administrative and practical areas. June 8, 1945 friday the battle of porton plantation began on bougainville island.
Simla conference, 1946 formation of interim government, 19461947 transfer of power, 1947. Yogah karmasu kaushalam dilligence leads to excellence is the motto of which institute. The exchanges on parity between unequal groups reveal the respective league and congress points of view about indias constitutional future. For in simla s viceregal lodge the momentous conference of viceroy lord wavell and indias nationalist leaders was about to begin. The conference began in simla on june 24, 1945 and lasted till july 14, 1945. Gandhi and the members of congress working committee were imprisioned on 9th august. The simla conference, 1945 viceroy wavell called for simla conference 24 june14 july, 1945 for setting up a new. To discuss the provisions of the wavell plan a conference of 21 indian political leaders was invited to the summer capital of british government shimla. In 191914 representatives of china, tibet and britain negotiated a treaty in india. Media in category simla conference the following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total.
Simla deputation the acceptance of the deputations. Three parties participated in a conference in simla which ended in a tripartite agreement in draft form in march. If twentyone politicians take nineteen days to reach final dis agreement on the filling of fourteen places in one existing cabinet, how long will it take ten times as many to arrive at the same result when planning a new constitution for a whole subcontinent. When the war ended in august 1945, viceroy lord wavell decided to hold a political conference to which he invited muslim league and congress representatives. The simla conference 1946 in may 1946, indian political leaders were invited to simla for a conference to discuss the two constitutional options drawn up by the cabinet mission and approved by the frill british cabinet. You should also use your own knowledge of the government of india act pages 805 to consider the extent and.
Mar 22, 2017 full details about wavell plan and simla conference in hindi. Wavell held the simla conference on 25 june14 july 1945. Lord wavell provides an account of this conference, which he convened on 25 june 1945 to ease tensions between the indian communities, and assesses the causes of its failure. The first simla conference had broken down on 14 july 1945 on the controversial. The first and second meeting of the simla conference, 5 may 1946, at which the powers of the union were discussed at cmp8a. Simla deputation 1906 introduction landmark in history in modern muslim india and the hindu muslim conflict was lifted to constitutional plane. Japanese cruiser ashigara was torpedoed and sunk in the bangka strait by the british submarine trenchant with the loss of about 1,300 lives. Memorandum by lord pethicklawrence on the simla conference. Record of the first meeting of second simla conference held on saturday, 5 may 1946 at 10 am full text. Cmp8a meetings of the simla conference, 5 may 1946 discussion of the powers of the union documents included. Its publication now as an independent work requires a brief justification of its starting point. Ndw newsletter cabinet division national documentation.
Wavell plan 1945 and simla conference in hindi youtube. Failure of simla conference 1945 explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. Mohammad ali jinnah also reached in the conference. Agreement between the government of india and the government of the islamic republic of pakistan on bilateral relations simla agreement simla, 2 july 1972.
Simla convention article about simla convention by the. A sampling from the failed simla conference discussions. Ogg multiplexed audiovideo file, theoravorbis, length 29 s, 320. We have attempted to take all concerns expressed at the simla conference into account and sincerely hope that the compromises presented herein will be accepted by the conference and enacted upon the british departure from india. For in simlas viceregal lodge the momentous conference of viceroy lord wavell and indias nationalist leaders was about to begin. The leaders included maulana abul kalam azad, who was the president of the congress at that time.
While 1885 was chosen mainly for convenience it can be argued. Sinha i among the important events of 1914 is the simla convention dated the 3rd july 1914. Punjabs pivotal role sharif al mujahid the 194546 elections were by far the most critical ones at all levels in all the annals of subcontinental history. The simla conference 1945 was a meeting between the viceroy of india lord wavell and the major political leaders of british india at simla.
Record of the first meeting of second simla conference held on sunday, 5 may 1946 at 10 am the secretary of state after welcoming the party representatives said that the purpose of the conference was to make a final attempt to reach agreement between the parties. The viceregal lodge in simla map shshowiowng the didisagreemmen ts betweewn ti bet and china plenipotentiaries of india, tibet and china in simla in 1914 majestic himalayas in the background the hill station of simla in 1914. Simla conference meetings on 5 may 1946 discussions on. The day marked the close of over a century and a half of british rule in india. The government of india and the government of pakistan are resolved that the two countries. All the facts and data are as of 21 september 2018 and may. On 8 august 1945, the secretary of state for india, lord pethicklawrence, circulates a note dated 15 july 1945 from the viceroy of india, lord archibald wavell, on the simla conference. Jun 01, 2003 the simla deputation was successful because the muslims were strongly urged to protect their separate identity, whereas the british responded to their demands, as lord minto was anxious to pull them out of their political discontent. Wavell plan and simla conference june 25, 1945 the plan is known as wavell plan. The simla deputation was successful because the muslims were strongly urged to protect their separate identity, whereas the british responded to their demands, as lord minto was anxious to pull them out of their political discontent.
774 747 73 401 219 1601 653 422 1229 227 778 174 5 1037 167 1137 550 1495 716 932 132 1639 439 339 728 249 368 1568 1655 342 978 226 1443 1392 1099 356 1147 1056 977 1240 197 1472